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Middle of the 19th century.

From the mid-19th century, mass production of the watch began by the production method by large capital in the United States. The watch production of U.S. exceeded Switzerland due to mass production by automation in 1873. On the other hand, Switzerland imported automatic machinery from U.S. in 1876, completed the watch industry revolution and got top of the world again. At the same time British watch industry began to decline.
In addition, the watch industry in Germany which was stimulated by this flourishes, and boasts the largest number of clock production of the world. We often can see cuckoo clocks made in Germany even now.
In comparison, the Soviets took a delay, but the development of the watch industry of the Soviet Union has progressed rapidly by the hands of the watchmaker who brought from Germany after the Second World War. Then it was the leading number of production in the watch.


アメリカでは19世紀の中ごろから、大資本による生産方式によって時計の量産を始めた。オートメーションでの大量生産により、1873年にはスイスの時計生産数を超えた。対するスイスも1876年よりアメリカの自動機械を輸入し、時計産業革命を完成させ、再び世界一の座に就いた。一方、時を同じくしてイギリスの時計工業は衰退し始めた。
また、これに刺激を受けたドイツでも時計工業が栄え、とくにクロックの生産数では世界一を誇る。今日でも、鳩時計などはドイツ製のものをよく目にすることがある。
ソ連は遅れを取ったが、第二次世界大戦後に、ドイツから連れてきた時計技術者の手によって、急激な発展を遂げ、ウオッチでは有数の生産数である。

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Water resistant.

Even waterproof watches should not be excessively exposed to the threat of water. If you operate the watch crown or button with moisture adhering, water enters inside the watch. If you take a bath while wearing a watch, ingredients such as steam, soap, hot springs will discolor and corrode the metal, and the packing will be deteriorated. If you wash your hands directly from the faucet, watering the watch causes waterproof failure because tap water has high water pressure. The watch is sometimes cloudy due to the temperature difference between the outside air and the inside of the watch. It will not be a problem if it is temporary. 防水時計であっても、過度に水の脅威に晒すことはさけなければならない。 水分が付着したまま、リューズやボタンを操作する。(時計内部に水が入る。)時計を着用したまま入浴する。(蒸気・石鹸・温泉の成分などが金属を変色・腐食させたり、パッキンの劣化を早める。)手を洗う際に直接蛇口から水をかける。(水道水は水圧が高いため、防水不良を引き起こす。) 外気と時計内部の温度差によりくもりが生じることがあるが、一時的なものであれば問題ない。